Stereospecific total steroidal synthesis via substituted C/D-trans indanones

ABSTRACT

Total synthesis of known progestationally active steroidal materials. The steroids can be synthesized depending on the particular starting reactants selected by employing as intermediates bicyclic compounds of the formula and lower alkyl; R7 is lower alkyl; R15 is selected from the group consisting of oxo, lower alkylenedioxy or (hydrogen and lower alkoxy); B is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy-carbonyl-methylene, lower-aryloxy-carbonyl-methylene, cyanomethylene, lower alkyl sulfinyl-methylene, lower alkyl sulfonyl-methylene, and R25 and R26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl and lower alkyl.   wherein R6 is selected from the group   WHEREIN M IS AN INTEGER HAVING A VALUE OF 1 OR 2; R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;; Z is lower alkylenedioxymethylene, CH(OR2) and carbonyl; R8 when taken alone is hydrogen; R9 when taken alone is lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxy-carbonyl, lower cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, carbonyl-halide, hydrogen, carboxy, formyl and methylene-X, where X is a leaving group and when taken together are methylene; with the proviso that when Z is carbonyl R8 when taken alone is hydrogen; R9 when taken alone is carbonyl halide, hydrogen, carboxy, formyl and methylene-X where X is a leaving group and when taken together are methylene and R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, phenyllower alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, lower alkanoyl, benzoyl, nitrobenzoyl, carboxy-lower alkanoyl, carboxybenzoyl, trifluoroacetyl and camphorsulfonyl AND REACTING THEM IN THE CASE WHERE R8 and R9 taken together are methylene or R8 is hydrogen and R9 is methylene-X with Beta keto esters and other analogs of the formula     D R A W I N G

United States Patent 11 1 Hajos Dec. 16, 1975 STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL STEROIDAL SYNTHESIS VIA SUBSTITUTED C/D-TRANS .INDANONES [75] Inventor: Zoltan George Hajos, Upper Montclair, NJ

[73] Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley,

[22] Filed: June 24, I974 [21] Appl. N0.: 482,714

Related US Application Data [62] Division of Sci. No. 765,023, 0m. 4, 1968, Pat. No.

[52] US. Cl. 260/340.9; 260/338; 260/340.7; V 260/345.9; 260/456 R; 260/475 R; 260/476 C; 260/485 L; 260/487; 260/488 B; 260/586 F [5l] Int. Cl. C07C 49/27; C07D 317/26 [58] Field of Search 260/338, 340.7, 340.9, 260/586 F, 488 B, 345.9, 476 C, 487, 475 R, 485 L, 456 R [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,32l,5ll 5/1967 LOS 260/586 F X 3,413,314 l H1968 Amiard ct al 260/3/40.9 3,825,569 7/1974 Hajos et al 260/340.9

Primary ExaminerRichard L. Raymond Attorney, Agent, or FirmSamuel L. Welt; Jon S. Saxe; George M. Gould [57] ABSTRACT Total synthesis of known progestationally active steroidal materials. The steroids can be synthesized depending on the particular starting reactants selected by employing as intermediates bicyclic compounds of the formula wherein m is an integer having a value of l or 2; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl;; Z is lower alkylenedioxymethylene, CH(OR and carbonyl; R when taken alone is hydrogen; R when taken alone is lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxy-carbonyl, lower cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, carbonyl-halide, hydrogen, carboxy, formyl and methylene-X, where X is a leaving group and when taken together are methylene; with the proviso that when Z is carbonyl R when taken alone is hydrogen; R when taken alone is carbonyl halide, hydrogen, carboxy, formyl and methylene-X where X is a leaving group and when taken together are methylene and R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy -lower alkyl pheny l-lower alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, lower alkanoyl, benzo yl, nitrobenzoyl carboxy-lower alkanoyl, carboxybenzoyl, trifluoroacetyl and camphorsulfonyl and reacting them in the case where R, and R taken together are methylene or R is hydrogen and R is methylene-X with B-keto'esters and other analogs of the formula wherein R is selected from the group 620 R25 consisting of R -fiCHCHCH and lower alkyl; R, is lower alkyl; R is selected from the group consisting of oxo, lower alkylenedioxy or (hydrogen and lower alkoxy); B is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy-carbonyl-methylene, lower-aryloxy-carbonyl-methylene, cyanomethylene, lower alkyl sulfinyl-methylene, lower alkyl sulfonyl-methylene, and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl and lower alkyl.

2 Claims, No Drawings of this invention provide a new synthetic route for the STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL STEROID AL wherein R,, R and m are as defined above; Z is defined SYNTHESIS v] A SUBSTITUTED C/D TRANS hereinafter; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R INDANONES and R are independently selected from the group 5 consisting of lower alkyl, hydrogen and hydroxyl.

In accordance with this invention, it has been discov- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION eredbthat cohmpounds of the formulae I, II and III above, I can e synt esized depending on the particular starting gg z ga g illfi fis g 3 filed reactants selected by employing as intermediates bicy- In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the Che Compounds of the fO-rmula total synthesis of steroids. The present invention relates to certain polycyclic compounds and processes for their synthesis. The novel intermediates and processes preparation of pharmaceutically valuable steroids. Iv

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, this invention relates to a process for preparing intermediates useful in the preparation of tricyclic compounds of the formula R4. 7 wherein m is an integer having a value of 1 or 2; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; Z is lower alkylenedioxy CH2)'m methylene, CII(OR and carbonyl; R when taken alone is hydrogen; R when taken alone is lower alkoxy-carbonyl, aryloXy-carbonyl, lower cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, carbonyl-halide, hydrogen, carboxy, I formyl and methylene-X, where X is a leaving group and when taken together are methylene; with the proviso that when Z is carbonyl, R when taken alone in hydrogen; R when taken alone is carbonyl halide, hydrogen, carboxy, formyl and methylene-X where X is a leaving group'and when taken together are methwherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R, is hydrogen ylene and R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxyor lower alkyl; Z is defined hereinafter; m is an intelower alkyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, ger having the value of l or 2. lower alkanoyl, benzoyl, nitrobenzoyl, carboxy-lower Another aspect of this invention relates to a process alkanoyl, carboxybenzoyl, trifluoroacety and camfor preparing intermediates which enable the direct phorsulfonyl and reacting them in the case where R;

preparation of steroids of the formulae and R,,,,,,-,,, taken together are methylene or R is hydrogen and R is methylene-X with B-keto esters and other analogs of the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of and lower alkyl; R is lower alkyl; R is selected from the group consisting of 0x0, lower alkylenedioxy or (hydrogen and lower alkoxy); B is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy-carbonyl-methylene, lower aryloxy-carbonyl-methylene, cyanomethylene, lower alkyl sulfinyl-methylene, lower alkyl sulfonyl-methylene. and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl and lower alkyl.

In still another aspect, this invention relates to the preparation of the compounds of formula III above wherein R is hydrogen, by reacting the compounds of formulae IV-a and IV-c with a vinylogous cyclic-beta- 11 keto compound of the formula:

wherein B is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy carbonyl-methylene, lower aryloxy carbonyl-methylene, lower alkyl sulfinyl-methylene and lower alkyl sulfonyl-methylene.

Structure [II can also be obtained starting with a compound of the formula V. in which R has been chosen to be oxo by reaction with compounds of the formulae IV-a and IV-c.

A fuither aspect of this invention relates to novel intermediates of the formula IV. Subgeneric to the bicyclic compound of formula IV above are compounds of the formulae:

IV (a) l 1'1 CHO IV(c) R4. 2 H Hz)m IV (a) l I ii I cozn' 1- zl O IV (e) H doy wherein R,, Z, m and X are as defined aforesaid: Y is selected from the group consisting of fluorine. chlorine, bromine and iodine and R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl. lower cycloalkyl and aryl.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, this invention is concerned with novel indanones of the formulae IV, IV-a, IV-b, IV-c, IV-d, IV-e and IV-f which are useful as chemical intermediates as described herein. Also, certain of the keto compounds of formula V are novel and are also considered within the scope of this invention. For purposes of convenience. the rings in formulae I and IV have been numbered. Throughout this specification, in the formulae of compounds containing asymmetric centers or in the designation of such compounds by chemical nomenclature, the desired enantiomeric form is shown or designated. However, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. such illustration and designation should be taken as comprehending the enantiomer shown or designated, as well as its optical antipode or their corresponding racemate. In the formulae presented herein, the various substituents on cyclic compounds are joined to the cyclic nucleus by one of two notations, a solid line indicating a substituent which is in the B-orientation (i.e., above the plane of the paper), or a dotted line indicating a substituent which is in the a-orientation (below the plane of the paper).

As used herein, the term lower alkyl comprehends both side and branched chain hydrocarbon moieties such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, t-butyl and the like, having I to 7 carbon atoms in the chain. The preferred compounds are those derivatives wherein R is methyl, ethyl and propyl which can be converted into steroids which exhibit exceptionally active pharmacological properties as hereinafter described. The formative lower-alkyl when used in expressions such as lower alkoxy-lower alkyl having the same significance. Thus, exemplary of the expression lower alkoxy-lower alkyl is a-ethoxy-ethyl and 3-propoxy-propyl. Exemplary of lower alkanoyl are acetyl and propionyl or other residues derived from lower alkane carboxylic acids of l to 6 carbon atoms; lower alkylenedioxy is understood to mean alkylene of l to 6 carbon atoms exemplary of which is ethylenedioxy. The term nitrobenzoyl as used herein comprehends benzo moieties containing one or more aromatic nitrile substituents, for example, nitrobenzoyl moieties such as 4-nitrobenzoyl and di-nitrobenzoyl moieties such as 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl. The expression carboxy-lower alkanoyl comprehends di-basic aliphatic acids of l to 7 carbon atoms absent one OH moiety. Similarly. the expression carboxy-benzoyl" denotes, for example. phthalic acids absent one OH moiety. The expression halide or halogen comprehends chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine. The expression lower alkoxy as utilized herein designates a lower alkyl ether group such as methoxy, ethoxy and the like, wherein the alkyl group is as defined above. The term lower alkoxy carbonyl methylene" includes for example, ethoxy carbonyl methylene. The term lower aryloxy carbonyl methylene includes for example, phenyloxy carbonyl methylene. The term aryl" comprehends phenyl or phenyl having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy. nitro, amine and halogen. The expression lower alkylaryl comprehends. for example. tolyl and ethylphenyl. The term cycloalkyl includes rings containing from 1 to 6 atoms, for example, cycloalkyl and cyclopentyl. Especially preferred compounds of formula IV are those wherein Z is lower alkoxy, especially t-butoxy although the other derivatives defined hereinabove such as, tetrahydropyranyloxy can besuitably employed in accordance with the process of this invention.

The following schematic flow sheet entitled Reaction Scheme A, exemplifiesthe process routes employed in accordance with the teachings of this invention for preparation via process routes (1), (2),(3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10), the key intermediates of the formulae lV-c and IV-a, each of which can independently be reacted with the ,B-keto ester and other analogs thereof of formula V to yield the endproducts of formulae 1, II and [II as hereinafter detailed.

' formula Vll may be prepared. For example, in order to prepare the derivatives wherein Z is hydroxy, the corresponding oxo group can be selectively reduced with lithium aluminum tri-(lower alkoxy)-hydride or sodium borohydride at'low temperatures. Derivatives wherein Thus, in one aspect of the process of this invention, I

Z is lower alkoxy, for example, tertiarybutoxy, can be obtained from the corresponding hydroxy derivative by reaction under acid conditions with isobutylene by means known in the art. l-Carboxy-lower alkanoyl derivatives of formula Vll can be conveniently obtained by reacting dibasic lower alkanoic acids such as, succinic acid and phthalic acid and the like, with corresponding compounds containing the hydroxy-methylene moiety. Other derivatives in accordance with the definition of Z can be obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art.

REACTION SCHEME 5 (11 OOH E (CH )m 1 H CH0 IV b 8 9) R4 m a m a 2 Cl-lax i! Iv-o H2 wherein R Z, m, R,-,, X and Y are as defined aforesaid.

The bicyclic ketone of formula VII can be converted to acid compounds of formula VIII by reaction in accordance with Step (1) of Reaction Scheme A with a base sufficiently strong to afford the corresponding anion of the bicyclic compound via conjugate enolate formation. Exemplary of the suitable bases for this reaction are alkali metal amides such as sodium amide and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as lithium methoxide and the like are alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride. Generally, it is preferred to conduct this reaction at room temperature although temperatures from about 40C. to the boiling point of the reaction mixture can be utilized. The reaction is conveniently carried out in liquid ammonia or in the presence of an organic solvent inert to the reactants such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide; hydrocarbons,

e.g., benzene and toluene; and ethers, e.g., diethylether and tetrahydrofuran. A preferred solvent for this reac tion is dimethylsulfoxide. This intermediate enolate bicyclic reaction product can be isolated by conventional techniques such as, for example, by removal of the solvent using vacuum distillation.

The anion which is thus obtained as a residue can be carboxylated by reaction with excess carbon dioxide to afford the 4-indane carbocyclic acid of the formula VIII. The carboxylation can be suitably effected by employing solid carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice or passing gaseous carbon dioxide into the reaction medium. Exemplary of the desirable solvents for this reaction are any of the aforementioned listed solvents which can be employed to prepare the anion with the exception of liquid ammonia, which is basic and dimethylsulfoxide, which tends to promote decarboxylation. In cases wherein liquid ammonia or dimethylsulfoxide is employed to prepare the anion, an inert solvent should be substituted when conducting the carbonation reaction. Suitable reaction temperatures are in the range of -60C and about 40C. A preferred operating temperature range is 1525C. Separation of the desired reaction product from the reaction medium can be effected by extraction. The extraction is suitably conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a dilute base such as sodium hydroxide or lithium carbonate to form the corresponding water soluble salt of the acid. Base extraction is employed so as to remove the desired product from the starting material. The aqueous layer is separated and carefully acidified to pH of between 2.5 and 4.5 with dilute mineral acid and the desired product is then obtained by conventional techniques. Although the reaction can be suitably conducted at atmospheric pressure, increased yields can be obtained by conducting the reaction under higher pressures, e.g., in the range of 450 to 550 psi. Carboxylation takes place only at C4 position on the indane nucleus in agreement with the preference for heteroannular conjugate anion formation with compound VII.

Inasmuch as the ultimate goal of this invention is to produce a compound of the formula I containing a 9ba-configuration, it is clear that the hydrogenation of the compound of formula VIII in accordance with Step (2) of Reaction Scheme A must predominantly proceed so as to yield a trans-hydrogenation product with respect to the two rings of the S-indanone or the corre sponding Z-napthalenone compounds. A feature of this invention is that the desired hydrogenation to yield a transfused bicyclic structure can be effected in extremely high yields. The hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of a catalyst preferably a noble metal catalyst, such as palladium, rhodium, irridium, platinum and the like. Especially preferred is the palladium catalyst. The noble metal catalyst can be utilized with or without a carrier and if a carrier is used, conventional carriers are suitable. It is preferred to use palladium on barium or calcium sulfate. Especially preferred is 10 percent Pd/BaSO The ratio of catalyst to substrate is not critical and can be varied. However, it has been found advantageous to use a weight ratio of catalyst to substrate from about 1:1 to about 1:10. Especially preferred is a ratio of 1:3. The hydrogenation is suitably effected in the presence of an inert organic solvent for the particular compound of formula VII being hydrogenated, for example, a lower alkanol, such as methanol, isopropanol or octanol; ketones for example, lower alkyl ketones such as acetone or methylethyl ketone; lower alkyl esters of lower alkanoic acids such as ethyl acetate; lower alkyl ethers such as diethyl ether to tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene or benzene and the like. It is especially preferred to conduct the hydrogenation using a lower alkanol as the solvent and it is preferably conducted under non-acidic condictions. Suitably, the hydrogenation is conducted under neutral conditions. It can be conducted at atmospheric pressure or below or above atmospheric pressure, for example, at pressures of as high as about 50 atmosphere. Also, the hydrogenation can be conducted at room temperature or temperatures above or below room temperature. As a matter of convenience, it is preferred to conduct the hydrogenation at room temperature. The hydrogenation is effected by utilizing conventional techniques, for example, the hydrogenation should be stopped after the uptake of the equivalent of hydrogen or if the ab sorption of hydrogen ceases before the uptake of an equivalent of hydrogen, it is advantageous to then add more catalyst and further hydrogenate. It will be appreciated that another significant aspect of this hydrogenation step lies in that the hydrogenation of the compound of formula VIII to afford the compound of formula IV-f proceeds without substantial decarboxyla tion of the substituted indane of formula VIII. Depending on the hydrogenation conditions used, the group represented by Z in formula VIII can be modified during the hydrogenation. For example, under the abovedescribed hydrogenation conditions, when Z is CR and R is a group such as alkoxy-lower alkyl or tetrahydropyranyl, such group can be split off during the hydrogenation procedure. A preferred group for R in which to conduct the hydrogenation and many of the subsequent other reactions is alkyl, especially, t-butyl.

The thus obtained saturated compound of formula IV-f can be converted to the 4-methylene-trans-fused compounds of formula IV-a by employing a modified Mannich-type reaction in accordance with Step (4) of Reaction Scheme A. The conversion can be effected using formaldehyde in the presence of a primary or secondary amine salts. Suitable salts which may be employed are those derived from strong mineral or organic acids such as for example, hydrogen halides,-

preferably as the chloride, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid and the like, such as for example, piperidine hydrochloride.

65 The reaction can be suitably carried out at a tempera ture range of from 0 to about 80C. A preferred temperature range for this reaction is l5-40C. While the ratio of reactants used for the reaction is not critical, it has been found advantageous to use approximately a 10:1 molar ratio of formaldehyde to keto acid and a 0.111 to 1 :1 molar ratio of amine to keto acid.

The reaction is best effected in a dimethylsulfoxide solvent which functions both as a solvent for the reaction and also as a decarboxylating agent. Most advantageous results are obtained by allowing the compound of formula IV-f to decarboxylate in the dimethylsulfoxide solvent so as to form the corresponding anion and quench it immediately with the Mannich System formed by the addition of formaldehyde and primary or secondary amine salt. Aqueous formalin (37-40 percent) is a generally satisfactory source of formaldehyde for this reaction. Exemplary of the amines suitable for this reaction include heterocyclic amines such as morpholine, piperidine and pyrrolidine; monoamines such as methylamine, butylamine and benzylamine. An especially preferred amine for this reaction is piperidine. Other polar solvents such as, for example, dimethylformamide and hexamethylphosphoramide which are inert to the reactants may be employed in conjunction 7 with the dimethylsulfoxide. The dimethylsulfoxide solvent promotes decarboxylation and anion formation at the bicyclic C-4 position notwithstanding the known preferential tendency of these compounds to enolize in the direction of the bicyclic C-6 position.

In another aspect of this invention in accordance with Reaction Scheme A, compounds of Formula lV-c may be prepared by alternate process routes (3 9), 7 9), (5 10) and (5- 6 8).

Thus, the compounds of formula lV-e can be prepared in accordance with Step (5) from the ,B-keto acids of formula lV-f in excellent yields employing an organic or inorganic acyl halide preferably thionyl halide, e.g., thionyl chloride; phosphorous trihalide, preferably phosphorous trichloride and phosphorous pentahalide, preferably phosphorous pentachloride. Thionyl chloride is particularly convenient since the by-products formed are gases and can be easily separated from the acid chloride. Any excess of the low boiling thionyl chloride can be easily removed by distillation.

This substitution reaction was successfully effected notwithstanding the known prior art [cf., C.B. Hurd et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1548, (1940)] which teaches the inability to prepare B-keto acyl halides by conventional reaction techniques from the corresponding ,B-keto acids. The reaction is suitably conducted at a temperature of from 0C to the boiling point of the solvent. Suitable solvents for the conversion are thionyl chloride (neat) or in an inert organic solvent such as, for example, benzene, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane and the like.

4-Carbonyl halide indanone compounds of formula lV-e, can be converted to the corresponding esters of formula IV'd by means known in the art. Preferred esters are those wherein R;, is lower alkyl, especially methyl and ethyl. The esters can be conveniently obtained by reacting the halide with an alkali alkoxide. e.g., sodium methoxide in a solvent such as, for example, lower alcohol. e.g., methanol and the like. Alternatively, the esters of formula lV-d may be obtained by reacting the halide with carbonyl diimidazolide in tetrahydrofuran solvent, then further reacting the thus obtained product with the desired aliphatic or aryl alcohol, e.g.. phenol. methanol, ethanol and the like at room temperature to the reflux temperature of the solvent in, for example, tetrahydrofuran to obtain the desired ester.

As a further alternate wherein it is desired to prepare 4-alkoxy carbonyl indanones of formula lV-d, the conversion can be effected by treatment of the acids of formula lV-f with an ethereal solution of a diazoalkane such as diazomethane by known means. The reagent is a yellow gas and small quantities can be prepared conveniently prior to use in the form of a solution in ether. When the yellow ethereal solution is added in portions to a solution or suspension of the acid in ether at room temperature, nitrogen is evolved at once and the yellow color is discharged. When the yellow color persists, which is an indication that excess diazomethane has been added, the solution can be heated, e.g., on a steam bath to expel excess reagent. Since the only by-product is a gas, a solution of the desired ester in ether results.

The esters of formula lV-d can also be prepared by first esterifying the unsaturated acid compounds of formula V111 to compounds of formula VIII-a in accordance with Reaction Scheme A by the aforementioned methods and then catalytically hydrogenating this unsaturated ester. The steric course of this hydrogenation proceeds so as to yield the C/D-trans-hydrogenated product. Thus, an identical product of the structure of formula lV-d with C/D-trans-ring fusion is obtained in a similar manner to the case wherein the acid of formula VIII is employed directly as the starting reactant for the hydrogenation step. The bicyclic C/D-transstructure obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of the ester may be explained (although applicant is not bound by this theory) by postulating a chelated dienol ester intermediate formed from the non-enolic unsaturated B-keto ester on the surface of the catalyst. However, it should be noted that the rate of catalytic hydrogenation of the B-keto acid of formula VIII was approximately four times as rapid as was the case when the corresponding B-keto ester was employed as the reactant. However, hydrogenation of the ester employing approximately three times the amount of catalyst employed in the case of the acid under identical reaction conditions resulted in an approximately equal hydrogenation rate.

The B-keto aldehydes of formula lV-b can be prepared from the acid halides of formula IV-e in accordance with Step (6) of Reaction Scheme A employing a reducing agent such as, lithium aluminum tritertiarybutoxyhydride. The reaction can-be carried out in an inert aprotic organic solvent such as, ethers, e.g., tetrahydrofuran and hydrocarbons, e.g., toluene and hexane ata temperature range of l0 to 60C., preferably between the temperature range of 20 and 40C. When the reaction is carried out within the aforesaid defined temperature ranges, selective reduction of the acid halide can be effected without attacking the free keto group on the 5-position of the indane of formula lV-e. An alternative method of transforming the acid halide to the corresponding aldehydes can be accomplished by the catalytic hydrogenation of the acid chloride by the Rosenmund Reaction. The technique introduced by Rosenmund consists in adding a small amount of a poisoning agent containing sulfur to the hydrogen catalyst system.

The indanones of formula IV-c wherein R,, Z and m are as defined as aforesaid can be conveniently prepared in accordance with Steps (8), (9) and (10) of Reaction Scheme A depending upon the nature of X, from the esters of formula lV-d, the acid halides of formula lV-e or the aldehydes of formula lV-b.

Suitable requirements for the leaving group as defined by X in the compounds of formula lV-c are that it should function efficaciously in this process aspect,

that is, that it be a suitable leaving group for the process of the present invention. Suitable groups which may be employed to form leaving groups are lower alkyl-aryl sulfonyloxy groups such as, for example, tosyloxy; arysulfonyloxy groups such as, for example, benzene sulfonyloxy; lower alkyl sulfonyloxy groups such as, for example, mesyloxy (methane sulfonyl); lower alkyl sulfinyloxy; halogen; an acyloxy radical derived from an organic carboxylic acid having 1 to 7 carbon atoms such as lower alkanoic acid, eg, acetic acid and butyric acid; aryl carboxylic acids such as p-phenylbenzoic acid and benzoic acid and cycloalkyl carboxylic acids such as cyclopentyl carboxylic acids. Other suitable leaving groups may be selected from the group consisting of wherein each of R and R is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl and hydrogen, and R and R when taken together to the nitrogen atom to which they are joined, form a 5- or 6 membered heterocyclic ring structure. Thus, the

an N may also be employed as a leaving group in a modified form by alkylation by known means with a suitable organic ester such as, for example, lower alkyl halide, e.g., methyl chloride or a hydrohalic acid such as, for example, hydrogen chloride to form the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt of the formula wherein R R and Y are as defined aforesaid and R is a caution from the organic ester.

Generically, the preferred leaving groups are tosyloxy and mesyloxy although depending on the steroidal end products being prepared, other leaving groups as exemplified above may be more preferable.

The compounds of formula lV-c wherein the leaving group X is lower alkyl-sulfonyloxy, e.g., mesyloxy or lower alkyl aryl-sulfonyloxy, e.g., tosyloxy may be conveniently prepared from the esters of formula lVd in accordance with Step (9) of Reaction Scheme A by a reaction sequence which comprises first protecting the 5-oxo moiety on the indanone, reducing the ester group to the corresponding 4-hydroxy methylene derivative, removing the protecting group before or after conversion to the desired derivative of formula lV-c. Protection can be effected by converting the free oxo group to a cyclic ketal, e.g., a dioxolane ring system by reaction with a suitable lower alkylenedioxy containing compound, e.g., ethylene glycol or to an open ketal with for example, tri-lower alkyl orthoformates. The free oxo moiety can be regenerated after reduction of the 4- ester compounds of formula lV-d to the corresponding 4-hydroxy methylene compounds. A preferred protecting group is the dimethoxy derivative which can suitably be obtained by etherification with trimethyl orthoformate. The thus protected 4a-ester can be reduced employing for example, a suitable reducing agent such as, diisobutyl aluminum hydride to yield the 4-hydroxy methylene compound of the formula IV-c-l 1 l i H ba on wherein R Z and m are as defined aforesaid.

Alternatively, the ester of formula lV-d in the protected form obtained as described above may be reduced to the alcohol of formula IV-e-l using an alkali metal reducing agent such as sodium metal and lower alcohol or lithium aluminum hydride. Compounds of formula IV-c wherein the leaving group X is lower alkyl sulfonyloxy or lower alkyl-arylsulfonyloxy can be prepared by caterification with an organic sulfonylhalide such as, for example, toluenesulfonyl halide, especially, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to prepare the tosyloxy derivative or lower alkyl sulfonyl halides, especially methane sulfonyl chloride to prepare the mesyloxy derivative. The above reactions can be suitably conducted at a temperature range of l 0 to +lOC in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine by methods known in the art. The corresponding sulfonic acids may also suitably be employed to effect the esterification in lieu of the sulfonyl halide. Leaving groups wherein X is lower alkyl sulfinyloxy may be obtained in an analogous manner to that above by employing the corresponding sulfmyl halides.

Leaving groups wherein X is defined by the grouping wherein R and R are defined as aforesaid can be conveniently obtained from the acid halides of formula lV-e in accordance with process route of Reaction Scheme A by a reaction sequence which comprises the steps of (a) reacting the compounds of formula IV-e with a primary or secondary aliphatic or aromatc amine of the formula by known means to form the corresponding amide of the formula wherein R Z, m and R and R are as defined aforesaid;

(b) protecting the 5-oxo group of the compounds of formula IV-e-2 by forming the S-ketal analog in a manner similar to that previously described; (0) reducing the amide with a suitable reducing agent such as, for example, diborane or lithium aluminum hydride in an ether solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran which upon removal of the protecting group by means of dilute mineral acid yields a compound of the formula:

( 2. l m I IW-o -3 i H lSH N R...

wherein R Z, m, R and R are as defined aforesaid. The compounds of formula IV-c-3 can be converted to their quaternary salt adducts by alkylation with for example, a lower alkyl halide such as methyl chloride. Leaving groups wherein X is defined by the grouping wherein at least either R and R is hydrogen, may also be prepared from the aldehydes of formula IV-b in accordance with process route (8) of Reaction Scheme A by selective condensation with a primary amine of the formula H NR to form by known means the novel imino Shiff Base intermediate of the formula presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at reflux temperature by means known in the art.

In another aspect, the process of this invention relates to the preparation of compounds of the formulae I, II and Ill by reaction of a B-keto ester or other analog of formula V with compounds of formulae IV-c and IV-a in accordance with Reaction Scheme B. It should be appreciated that compounds of the formulae IV-a and IV-c can be used interchangeably in all of the hereinafter process reactions.

nwcom no uomom 83 L pr om Am 1 o wherein R m, X, Z, R R R and R are as defined Scheme B to prepare the benz[e]indene compounds of 65 formula 1. Alternatively,

for other subgeneric comaforesaid. The process of this invention in this aspect. comprises employing the bicyclic indanone derivatives of pounds encompassed by generic formula V-a in accordance with process routes l2) and 13) of Reaction formulae IV-a and lV-c prepared as aforesaid and re- Scheme B. the steroids of formulae 1! and III may be acting them with certain subgeneric compounds enprepared. Thus. for certain compounds subgeneric to compassed by generic compounds of the formula V-b formula V. VIZ formula V-b as defined below the in accordance with process route 11) of Reaction tricyclic benz[e]indenes of formula I may be prepared by means of the building in an annulation reaction steroidal ring B. Alternatively, for certain other compounds subgeneric to formula V-a as defined hereinafter, the steroids of formulae II and III may be prepared by building by means of compounds of formula V-a, steroidal rings A and B. Thus, the keto compounds of formula V are employed as one of the starting reactants for the preparation of the tricyclic compounds of the formula I or the tetracyclic compounds of formulae II and III. However, it will be appreciated that the length of the carbon chain varies as exemplified by formulae V-a and V-b below, depending on which class of end products are sought to be prepared. Thus, the B-keto esters and analogs thereof of formula V-a below, are employed wherein it is desired to prepare the tetracyclic steroids of formulae II and III.

wherein R R B, R and R are defined as aforesaid.

The B-keto esters and other analogs of formula V-a can be prepared in accordance with Reaction Scheme C below in which a specific embodiment is illustrated. The ,B-keto esters of formula V-a-l can be prepared from the hexanoic esters of formula X via process route (a) by reaction with base, preferably, lithium hydroxide in a lower alcohol solvent, e.g., ethyl alcohol at the reflux temperature of the solvent to form the salt of the 7 acid by saponification of the ester. Subsequent reaction of the thus obtained salt with equimolar quantity of an organo metallic compound. preferably, methyl lithium in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a minute amount of triphenylmethane yields the compounds of formula XII. ln effecting the conversion, R should be in a protected keto form. e.g., ketal. the conversion to which has been herein before described. Alternatively. the compounds of formula XII can be prepared in accordance with Reaction Scheme C via process routes (b) and (c) by reacting the compounds of formula X with a lower alkyl sulfinyl methylene compound, e.g., methyl sulfinyl carbanion [cf., E. J. Corey and M. Chaykovsky. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 86. 1639 1964)] to yield intermediates of formula XI. The compounds of formula XI can if desired, be oxidized to the sulfonyl derivatives with an oxidizing agent such as, for example, potassium permanganate. Reduction of the thus obtained sulfoxides of formula XI with a reducing agent, preferably, aluminum amalgam, yields compounds of formula XII. The compounds of formula XII can be converted to the ,B-keto esters of formula V-a-l via a Claisen Condensation with a carbonate of the formula (R.-,):CO;, wherein R is aryl or lower alkyl in accordance with process route (e). The preferred condensing agent is sodium hydride although alkali lower alkoxides, e.g., sodium alkoxide may also be suitably employed. The reaction is conveniently conducted in an ether solvent such as, for example, diethylether or tetrahydrofuran, the former being preferred at the reflux temperature of the solvent.

REACTION SCHEME C wherein R R R and R' are defined as aforesaid and R is lower alkyl or aryl.

Illustrative of the ,B-keto ester and other analog compounds of formula V-a which may be employed as starting reactants wherein it is desired to prepare the steriods of formulae II or III include 6-(2-methyl-l,3- dioxolan- 2-yl)-3-oxohexanoic acid ethyl ester; 6-(2- ethyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3-oxohexanoic acid ethyl ester; 3,7-dioxo-octanoic acid methyl ester; 6-(2-methyl- 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3-oxohexanoic acid prop'yl ester; 3,7-dioxo-decanoic acid ethyl ester; l-methylsulfinyl-S- (Z-methyll ,3-dioxolan-2-yl )-2-pentanone and the like. By referring to the general formula IV, it can be thus appreciated that when it is desired to prepare the steroids of formula XVII. the selections of the variables of formula V should be as follows: R is and R R R and B are defined aforesaid.

The B-keto esters and other analogs of formula V-b below, are employed wherein it is desired to prepare the'tricyclic compounds of formula I wherein R and B are defined as aforesaid.

The compounds of formula V-b, for example, ethyl propionyl acetate, may be prepared in a similar manner to the compounds of formula V-a in accordance with process step (e) by employing in Reaction Scheme C (the Claisen Condensation Step) butanone in lieu of the compounds of formula XII.

Exemplary of the ,B-keto ester and other analogs of formula V-b which may be employed as starting reactants wherein it is desired to prepare the tricyclic compounds of formula I include ethyl propionyl acetate, methyl propionyl acetate, ethyl aceto acetate, ethyl butyro acetate, butyro acetonitrile, acetoacetonitrile, l-methyl-sulfinyl-2-butanone and l-methyl-sulfonyl-Z- pentanone.

While certain groups exemplified by the definition of the term B have been illustrated in the B-keto ester and other analogs of formulae V-a and V-b, it is to be understood that any other equivalent electron withdrawing group or groups of electrophilic nature can function as well. All that is required for the B segments of the molecule for the process of the reaction of the compounds of formula IV with the compounds of formula V is that it function efficaciously in this process aspect, that is, that it be a suitable electron withdrawing group so as to activate the hydrogen atom on the methylene group next adjacent to the carbonyl group. Preferred electron withdrawing groups are the alkoxy carbonyl esters, especially ethoxy carbonyl. The B-keto nitriles, e.g., aceto-acetonitrile of formula IV-b may be prepared by reaction of acetonitrile phenyllithium and diethylamine at a temperature range of 10C to +10C and hydrolyzing in dilute acid the thus obtained imine intermediate to the desired product [cf., Ann. 504, 94 (1933)]. The compounds of formula V-a and V-b wherein B is defined as lower alkyl sulfinyl methylene and lower alkyl sulfonyl methylene can be readily prepared from the esters of formula V-a-l in a similar manner to that employed in process step (b) of Reaction Scheme C.

In a further aspect, the synthesis of the present invention relates to the preparation of steroids of the formulae II and III in accordance with Reaction Scheme B by means of reacting a carbon chain of the formula V-a with a bicyclic compound of the formulae IVa or IV-c. In Reaction Scheme D, the numbers are assigned to Roman numerals for identification. schematically, the sequence of reactions involved in the synthesis of a specific embodiment, namely, l9-nortestosterone is illustrated.

error: SCHEI-E n 0-t-butyl 0-t-butyl V I H H lg-Nort est- 0 stez a ig In the Michael addition, process step (a) of Reaction Scheme D, the precursors to the steroidal A and B rings are built up in a single annulation reaction. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a base sufficiently strong to form the anion of the ,B-keto ester. Exemplary bases are for example, alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide. potassium tertiary butoxide and the like; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and the like; alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, lithium hydride and the like; alkali metal amides such as lithium amide, sodium amide and the like; methyl sulfinyl carbanion (i.e., the anion from dimethyl sulfoxide). Especially preferred are the alkali metal lower alkoxides. The reaction can be conducted at a temperature range of from about to about 100C. However, it is especially advantageous to conduct a reaction within a temperature range of from 0 to C. Moreover, the reaction is suitably conducted in the absence of oxygen for example, in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. It is convenient to conduct the reaction in the presence of an organic solvent inert to the reactants as well as the intermediates of formula XVI. Such solvents are for example, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and aromatic hydrocarbons, such for example, benzene, toluene and xylene. Other suitable solvents include the ethers such as diethylether, tetrahydrofuran and the like and lower alkanols such as methanol, ethanol and the like. The concentration of reactants is not critical but it is preferred to use a 1:1 molar ratio of reactants of formulae IV-a-l and V-a-3. One may add the reactant of formula V-a-3 to a reaction mixture already containing the bicyclic indanone of formula lV-a- 1. However, the reaction'can also be effected by placing all the reactants substantially together or preferentially the reactants of formula IV-a-l can be added to a mixture containing the reactants of formula V-a-3. When employing as a starting reactant, the compounds of formula IV-a in lieu of the reactants of formula IV-c-l, the same process conditions are employed and products obtained although the reaction does not necessarily have to proceed by way of a Michael addition mechanism. The sidechain of the reaction intermediate XVI assumes the thermodynamically favorable equatorial configuration under the equilibrating reaction conditions. The alpha orientation of the sidechain is extremely important for the construction of ring B with the proper stereochemistry. No ring closure occurred at this stage because of the preferred enolization of the keto group towards the ester function. Following the Michael addition of the ,B-keto ester of formula V-a-3 to the bicyclic C/D-transindanone of formula IV-b-l, the thus obtained compound of formula XVI is saponified to remove the ester group and cyclized in accordance with process step (b) of Reaction Scheme D. The cyclization should be effected under reaction conditions which do not cleave the cyclic ketal protecting group. Exemplary basic cyclization reagents are for example, a dilute aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline metal hydroxides such as for example, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and the like. The cyclization is suitably conducted in an inert organic solvent such as for example. hydrocarbons, e.g., benzene. toluene and ethers. e.g., tetrahydrofuran. The cyclization can be conducted at room temperature or above room temperature but as a matter of convenience. it is preferable to conduct the reaction at about room temperature.

22 The ester group of the bicyclic intermediate of formula XVI can be removed by saponification of the ester in accordance with Step (b) of Reaction Scheme D to afford the corresponding acid of the formula XVII (after acidification) and decarboxylation to compounds of the formula XVII-l for example, in refluxing toluene under an inert atmosphere such as for example, nitrogen in accordance with Step (c) of Reaction Scheme D. For other cases wherein the electron withdrawing group of formula V (B) is other than ester, e.g., for example, lower alkyl sulfinyl methylene or lower alkyl sulfonyl methylene, the removal of the grouping can be effected by reduction with a reducing agent such as, for example, aluminum amalgam. For cases wherein the electron withdrawing group is nitrile, the reaction can be suitably conducted in an analogous manner to that wherein the electron withdrawing group is an ester as discussed above.

The hydrogenation of the A -double bond of the compounds of formula XVII-a to the compounds of formula XVIII can be effected in accordance with Step (d) of Reaction Scheme D in a lower alcohol solvent such as, for example, ethyl alcohol in the presence of a base, preferably, triethylamine. l9-Nortestosterone can be obtained from the compounds of formula XVIII by hydrolysis of the tertiarybutyl ether cyclization by refluxing in a mineral acid such as, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in a lower alkanol solvent such as methanol in accordance with Step (e) of Reaction Scheme D.

It should be noted that the process steps exemplified in Reaction Scheme D can be utilized to prepare norgestrel. This can be effected by preparing the 7aB- ethyl analogs of formula IV-a-l as described on page 9 of the instant specification employing the reaction steps (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of Reaction Scheme D followed by oxidation utilizing for example, Jones Reagent and ethinylation in accordance with procedures described on page 49 of the instant application. It will be further appreciated that by employing the optically active 7aB-ethylenantiomer of formula IV-a-l of Reaction Scheme D, one can prepare optically active norgestrel.

It will be appreciated that this aspect of the process of the invention for the synthesis of steroids of the formula II of which l9-nortestosterone is a specific exemplar as set forth in Reaction Scheme D, can be modified so as to yield other pharmaceutically valuable steroids of formula II, well known in the art, wherein R is other than hydrogen, e.g., lower alkyl by selectively alkylating the A -compounds of formula XVII-l with a lower alkyl halide in the presence of a strong base. preferably lithium in liquid ammonia at temperatures in the order of 40C in an inert solvent such as, for example, diethyl ether by means known in the art.

Moreover, when R of the B-keto ester or other analogs thereof of the formula IV-a is 0x0 and not in a protected ketal form, A*. A -steroids of formula lll in lieu of the steroids of formula II will be produced in accordance with Reaction Scheme E. Thus, in a specific embodiment exemplified in Reaction Scheme E, steroids encompassed by the genus of the formula III are prepared. The dione ester of the formula V-a-4 is reacted with the methylene ketal of formula IV-a-l in accordance with Step (a) in the presence of an alkali alkoxide such as 0.1 N sodium methoxide in a methanol solvent using a temperature range of O20C to yield the substituted trione of formula XVI-a. The compound of formula XVII-a in accordance with Step (b) 23 24 of Reaction Scheme E can be hydrolyzed and ring b i d i accordance i h S p (d) of Reaction Closed using a hydrogen halide acid Such as y g Scheme E by cyclizing the compound of formula XVlll-a using an alkali alkoxide preferably potassium tbutoxide in benzene. The l7-hydroxy diene steroids of formula Ill bromide in an acetone solvent at a temperature of approximately 20C to yield the acid compound XVII- a. Decarboxylation of com -b are obtained in accordance with Step (e) pound XVII-a in refluxing 5 toluene in accordance with Step (c) yields compound of Reaction Scheme E by refluxing in methanol in the presence of acid. preferably hydrogen chloride.

XVll-l-a. The diene steroids of the formula Ill-a can be di s o e 1310 M v v all? C A 6 E O 00 The keto compound XVll-l of Reaction Scheme D y reacting vinylogous beta ken) ester or other Q1111 can also be converted to steroids of the formula XVlllogs of the formula l-a via mild hydrolysis of the ketal moiety employing ().l N hydrochloric acid in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature of approximately 20C in accordance with Step (f) of Reaction Scheme E. Steroids of Formula Ill can be converted to pharmaceutically valu- VI able estrogens by known means (ef. Velluz et al., An- H3 gewandte Chemie 72. 725 (1960). m

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to wherein B is defined as aforesaid the preparation of A A -steroids of the formula III with compounds of the formula lV-a and IV-c.

XXIII -t-butyl IV-a-l ildz Oz CzHs IV-a III b A preferred value of B is lower alkoxy carbonyl. Especially preferred is methoxy carbonyl and ethoxy carbonyl. Thus. in a specific embodiment exemplified in Reaction Scheme F, diene steroids of the formula III-b are prepared. The vinylogous beta keto ester of formula VI-a is reacted with the methylene ketone of formula IV-a-l in accordance with Step (a) of Reaction Scheme F in the presence of an alkali lower alkoxide, preferably 0.1 N sodium methoxide in a lower alcohol solvent. preferably, methanol or ethanol. at a tempera ture range of to C yielding the dione of formula XXIII. The diene steroid of formula III-b can be conveniently obtained from the compound of formula XXIII by cyclization using refluxing mineral acid, preferably, l-N-hydrochloric acid in a lower alcohol solvent. preferably methanol.

In still another aspect of this invention, compounds of the formula IV-f, in Reaction Scheme A, can be converted to compounds of the formula XXIII below, which are subgeneric to the compounds of formula IV 2 )m XXIII l l H wherein R Z and m are as defined aforesaid by decarboxylation in a refluxing solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or toluene with or without a strong mineral acid, e.g., hydrochloric acid. The novel C/D-trans bicyclic indanone of compounds of formula XXIII are themselves useful intermediates in a total steroidal synthesis by employing, e.g. the methods described by RE. Ireland and M. Chaykovsky, J. Org. Chem. 28, 748 (1963) the compounds of formula XXIII can be converted to their A acid analogs by a bromination-dehydrobromination procedure. The A C/D trans indanones can be converted by methods described in the above cited reference to the tricyclic compounds of the formula I which in turn can be converted to pharmaceutically valuable steroids by procedures hereinafter described.

In a further aspect, the synthesis of the present invention relates in accordance with Step (11) of Reaction Scheme B to the preparation of 2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9.9a,9bdecahydro-3a-alkyl-7-oxol I-I-benz[ e indenes and 4,4a,l3,4ba,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-decahydro-8aB-alkyl-3H- phenanthrene-3-ones which contain in the 3-position and 8-position, respectively, an oxo substituent or a ,8-OR moiety wherein R has the meaning given in the text accompanying formula I. Many members of this class of known compounds which are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of steroids, for example, benz[e]indene derivatives contain asymmetric centers at positions-9a,9b.3a and also at the 3-position if the substituent thereat is other than oxo. Thus, of the 3-oxo compounds, there are eight possible different stereoisomers, whereas of the compounds containing a 3 OR substituent, there are possible 16 stereoisomers.

In a preferred embodiment of this aspect, the synthesis relates to the preparation of the 9aB,9ba,3aB- stereoisomers of the benz[e]indene series, its optical antipode and racemate thereof and in the case where the 3-substituent is other than oxo, the 9aB.9ba,- 3aB,3/3-stereoisomer, its optical antipode and the racemate thereof. The corresponding phenanthrene- 2-ones, i.e., 4a[3,4ba,SaB-stereoisomers may also be prepared, The especially desired end-products of the synthesis of this invention are the (-)-enantiomers of the formula wherein R R Z and m are as defined aforesaid.

The compounds of formula I can be obtained by commencing the synthesis of this invention with an optically pure starting material of formula IV or by commencing the synthesis of this invention with a racemic (i.e., dl) starting material of the formula IV and effecting resolution at any intermediate stage or after the desired end-product of formula I has been obtained as the racemate.

Referring to Reaction Scheme G, wherein the compounds are assigned Roman numerals for identification schematically, the sequence of reactions involved in the synthesis of a specific embodiment, namely, the benz[e]indenes of formula I-a are illustrated. Thus, ethylpropionylacetate is reacted with a compound of formula IV-c-l wherein the leaving group X exemplified is mesyloxy (compounds of formula IV-a-l can also suitably be employed) to yield compounds of formula XV in accordance with Step (a). Reaction conditions employed for this conversion are identical with that exemplified hereinabove in process step (a) of Reaction Scheme E for the preparation of compound XVI. Compound of formula I-a is obtained in accordance with process step (b) via cyclization which includes an internal aldol condensation and dehydration using a strong mineral acid, e.g., ZN-hydrochloric acid in a lower alcohol solvent, e.g., methanol, at the reflux temperature of the solvent. The conversion of compounds of the formula XV of Reaction Scheme G to compounds of the formula I-a can also be conducted under reaction conditions employed in Steps (b), (c) and (e) of Reaction Scheme D.

W N N Jill m uEnom we wwasoneou Q P H H on Ho m o oo muooflo mu mo OmO mw Quil e AS indicated the B- 60 converted into the tetracyclic steroid nucleus by condecahydro-3:1,B-alkyl-7-oxo-lH-benzlelindenes and the 4,4;1/3 4ba,5,6,7,8,8a, 9,10-decahydro-8aB-alkyl- 3H-phenanthren-2-ones of formula I obtained by the process of this invention are useful as intermediates in the formation of the tetracyclic steroid nucleus in accordance with Reaction Scheme F. The benz[e]indenes and the phenanthren-Z-ones are a known class of compounds. The benz[e]indenes. for example. can be The ultimate utility of the tricyclic intermediates depends on the nature of R and R,. For example, compounds wherein R is hydrogen may lead to either 19- nor steroids (Velluz et a1., Angewandte Chemie 72,725, 1960); or alternatively to 10a-l9-nor-steroids (French Pat. No. 136055) depending upon the reaction conditions. Further, the tricyclics wherein R is hydrogen may be converted into 19-nor-retro(9B,- 10a)-steroids Velluz et al., Tetrahedron Suppl. 8, Part II, 495 1966) and estrogens, viz compounds having an aromatic A ring e.g., estradiol (Velluz et al.. Angewandte Chemie 72, 725 (1960). On the other hand, compounds wherein R is alkyl may lead to compounds of the 9a,l0oz-series (Velluz et al., Angewandte Chemie 77, 185 (1960) or alternatively to compounds of the retrosteroid series viz those having inverted centers of asymmetry at positions C and C i.e., the 9,8,l0a-steroids (Belgium Pat. No. 663,193). Compounds wherein R is lower alkyl may be obtained wherein R of the compounds of formula V-b is lower alkyl (other than methyl).

As illustrated by the following Reaction Scheme H, in

the first step of this reaction, the cyclo-olefin I may be "Normal" steroid s XXI "lOct-Series" st eroid s R i 1 l hydrogenated to the tricyclic compound XIX. The reaction is preferably effected with a noble metal catalyst, e.g., a palladium-charcoal or a lower-rhodium charcoal catalyst. In the formula XIX, R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl. Thus, compounds of formula I wherein R represents hydrogen or alkyl can be hydrogenated to the compounds of formula XIX. The conversion of compounds of formula I to compounds of formula XIX and of the latter to compounds of formula XXII are described in greater detail in Belgium Pat. No. 663,197.

Tricyclic compounds of formula I for values wherein R is hydrogen may be converted by means known in the art to compounds of formula XXI wherein R is hydrogen viz steroids of the 19-nor-lOa-series. Further, the tricyclic compounds of formula I wherein R is hydrogen may be alternatively converted to compounds of formula II viz the normal steroids of the 901, 1OB-(normal-19-nor series). This is described more fully in Angewandte Chemie 77, 185 (1965), Velluz, Valls and Nomin and Angewandte Chemie 72, 725 (1960), Velluz et a1.

0 XIX XXII steroids A preferred procedure for converting tricyclic compounds of formula I wherein R is hydrogen to normal steroids of the 9a-l9-nor series of formula II can be effected by reacting the tricyclic compounds with 4- halo-2-alkoxy butane wherein the halogen is preferably selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine or iodine. For example, a tricyclic compound of formula I such as 2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9aB,9boz-decahydro-3afiethyl-3-oxo7-oxo-lH-benz[e]indene may be reacted with for example, 4-chloro-2-tertiarybutoxy-butane in a suitable solvent such as, for example, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide under a nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of a base such as, for example, sodium hydride or potassium tertiarybutoxide at a temperature range of between 15 and 100 to yield the intermediate 10-[ 3-tertiarybutoxy-butyl l 3-ethyll 9- nor-desA-androst-9-ene-5,l7-dione. This latter compound can be converted to norgestrel by procedures described more fully in US. Pat. application of Gabriel Saucy, Ser. No. 679.989, filed on Nov. 2, I967.

4-Halo2-tertiarybutoxy may be prepared from 4- halo-Z-butanol by reaction of the latter compound with isobutylene in the presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at room temperature.

The tricyclic compounds of formula I for values wherein R is alkyl may be converted by methods known in the art to compounds of formula XXII viz steroids of the retro series via catalytic hydrogena tion compounds of the formula XIX and base catalyzed reaction with for example, methyl vinyl ketone.

Compounds of formula I can also be directly reacted with for example, methyl vinyl ketone yielding a 5 hydroxy-tetracyclic compound of formula XX. These latter compounds can then be subjected to dehydration followed by hydrogenation or to hydrogenation followed by' dehydration to yield a 9,5,1001- or 1001- steroids of formulae XXI or XXII. These procedures are described in greater detail in Netherlands Octrooiaanvrage No. 6,412,939. Still other methods of utilizing compounds of formula I are described in the literature or in the patents.

Compounds of formula I when converted into compounds of formula II wherein R, is ethyl and R is hydrogen and Z is carbonyl can be selectively alkynylated by a suitable organic metallic acetylide affording norgestrel 13B-ethyl-17oz-ethinyll 7-hydroxy-gon- 4-ene-3-one). The latter compound can also be prepared according to Reaction Scheme D (cf. Page 39 herein). Exemplary of the suitable alkynylating agents to effect conversion to norgestrel are the alkali acetylides such as lithium acetylide, potassium acetylide, sodium acetylide, etc. The reaction is carried out in the presence of liquid ammonia in suitable solvent systems such as benzene or toluene. The alkynylation is effected preferably at the refiux temperature of the reaction medium although temperatures from -60 to 30 are suitable. Exemplary of other suitable reagents to effect the acetylenic addition are ethylaminediamine complex in dimethylformamide solvent and Grignard analogs such as mono and his acetylene-magnesium halides by means known in the art.

Further, the l9-nor-compounds of formula II. wherein R is propyl are ovulatory inhibitors (cf, Tetrahedron Letters 127 (I961), Velluz, Nomin et al.). Additionally, compounds of formula I wherein R is methyl and R is hydrogen have been converted to the series of formula II, specifically, l9-nortestosterone acetate. J. Org. Chem. 26, 3904 (1961). L. J. Chinn and H. L. Dryden.

Moreover, compounds of formula I wherein R, is

ethyl and R is methyl and m is equal to 2 can be converted to compounds of formula XXII, i.e., ,l8-homoretrosteroids, specifically the acetyl derivatives of the pregnane series, which are progestational agents and are thus useful in the treatment of fertility disorders. The l8-homo-retroandrostanes of this series have both anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity effecting the secretion of gonadotropic hormones. I-Ience, these compounds can be used for example, in the treatment of gynecological disorders and as contraceptive agents.

The methods of this invention, as indicated above. result in the preparation either of the desired optical enantiomer illustrated by formulae I and II of the racemate thereof. The optical antipode illustrated by formulae I and II can be obtained either by resolution of the corresponding racemic and product or by resolution of racemic starting material or, if racemic starting material is directly subjected to the methods of this invention, resolution of any intermediate racemate. The present invention provides a facile synthesis for optically active end products as a result of the fact that optical specificity is preserved throughout the synthesis as a result of the stereo selectivity of the individual process conversions exemplified in Reaction Schemes A, B, C, D, E and F. Resolution can be effected by conventional resolution means known per se. For example, compounds in which the moiety represented by the symbol Z is hydroxy-methylene, or a group convertible into hydroxymethylene such as carbonyl convertible by reduction to hydroxymethylene) or an ether or ester of hydroxy-methylene (convertible by hydrolysis to hydroxy-methylene), can be resolved by reacting the compound containing the hydroxy-methylene moiety with a dibasic acid to form a half-acid ester. If the dibasic acids are, for example, dibasic-lower alkanoic LII acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid or the like, or an aromatic dibasic acid such as phthalic acid, the so-formed halfacid ester is then reacted to form a salt with an optically active base such as brucine, ephedrine or quinine and the resulting diastereoisomeric products are separated. Alternatively, the hydroxy-methylene moiety can be esterified with an optically active acid such as camphorsulfonic acid and the resulting diastereoisomeric esters can be separated. The optical antipodes can be regenerated from the separated diastereoisomeric salts and esters by conventional means.

The following examples are illustrative but not limitative of the invention. All temperatures are stated in degrees Centigrade. Infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra where taken were consistent with stated structures. IR spectra where indicated were taken in chloroform. UV spectra where indicated were taken in ethyl alcohol.

EXAMPLE 1 A 0.5 weight per cent solution of IB-tertiarybutoxy- 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-indane in absolute ethanol was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using a ten per cent palladium/- CaCO catalyst. Hydrogenation was stopped after the uptake of 1 mole of hydrogen. The solution was then filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give a crude hydrogenation product. This crude product was then subjected to hydrolysis by stirring and refluxing for 6 hours with a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 2 N hydrochloric acid under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was then cooled by means of an ice bath and neutralized with 5 N sodium hydroxide. The solvent was then evaporated invacuo and the residue was extracted sequentially with ethyl acetate and then ether. The extract was washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution and then dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded a mixture of cis and trans reduction products 3aB,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 1B-hydroxy-7aB-methyl-5( 6H )indanone and 3aa,'4,7- ,7a-tetrahydro-1B -hydroxy-7a,8-methyl-5( 6H )indanone which was analyzed by vapor phase chromatography and NMR. The vapor phase chromatography consisting of repeatedly subjecting the crude mixture of 3a,B,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 1 B-hydroxy-7aB-methyl- 5( 6H )indanone and 3aa,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 1,8- hyd'roxy-7aB-methyl-5(6H)indanone to vapor phasea chromatography in 40 milligram portions on a Barber- Coleman Model 5072 equipped with flame detection and a split ratio of5195. By this technique, 3aa,4,7.7atetrahydrol B-hydroxy-7aB-methyl-5 6H )indanone was obtained as an oil. 7 3620, 3300-3550 and 1715 cm in the infrared spectrum.

EXAMPLE 2 1 10 Mg. of purified trans alcohol 3aoz,4.7,7a-tetrahydrolB-hydroxy-3aB-methyl-5 6H)indanone was oxidized by reacting with 0.175 ml. of 8 N chromium trioxide in sulfuric acid in a medium of 5 ml. of acetone under a nitrogen atmosphere at 10C over approximately a 5 minute period. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of 5.0 ml. of ice water and the organic solvent was removed in vacuo. The aqueous solution was then extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and ether. The organic phase was washed with sodium bicarbonate and a saturated sodium chloride solution. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give the crude oxidation product 3 az,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-1,5-(6H)indanedione, as an oil. 68 Mg. of the crude oxidation product, 3aa,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-7a,8-methyl-1,5- (6H)indanedione was subjected to vapor phase chromatography in 14 mg. aliquots on a Barber-Coleman Model 5072 equipped with flame detection at a split ration of :95. Fractionation gave pure 3aa,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-1,5-(6H)-indanedione, as an oil; y 1740 and 1712 cm in the infrared spectrum. A sample was crystallized from ether-petroleum ether, m.p. 5253C.

EXAMPLE 3 45 Ml. of dimethylsulfoxide distilled from calcium hydride was added to a 53 per cent diapersion of 1.03 g. of sodium hydride in mineral oil which had been previously washed with anhydrous ether and dried under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 20C, and a solution of 5.0 grams of lB-tertiarybutoxy-S,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxoindane in 45 ml. of dimethylsulfoxide was added at once. The reaction mixture was agitated until hydrogen evolution ceased, approximately four hours thereafter. The dimethylsulfoxide was then distilled off under high vacuo utilizing a bath kept at a temperature of 75C. The residue (conjugate anion of lB-tertiarybutoxy- 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-indane) was dissolved in 90 ml. of anhydrous ether and added as rapidly as possible (approximately 2 minutes) to a one liter flask containing a thick slurry of anhydrous solid carbon dioxide in 225 ml. of anhydrous ether. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously. The slurry was formed by cooling 2-3 ml. of anhydrous ether with a dry ice-methanol cooling mixture and then permitting anhydrous solid carbon dioxide from an inverted tank of bone dry carbon dioxide to enter. The tank was connected to the flask with rubber pressure tubing. Two outlets were connected to two drying towers filled with anhydrous calcium sulfate. As the slurry formed and thickened, dry ether was added gradually from an addition funnel until a total of 225 ml. had been added. The reaction mixture was stirred for six hours in a dry ice-methanol cooling bath and allowed to stand at 20C for 16 hours. 200 Ml. of water containing 50 ml. of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide was added to the ether solution and it was agitated under a nitrogen atmosphere for one hour. The ether and water layers were separated and the ether layer was washed twice with water. The combined aqueous fractions were extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo yielding starting material lB-te rtiarybutoxy-S ,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl- 5-oxo-indane. The aqueous solution was filtered and carefully acidified with 2 N hydrochloric acid to a pH of 2.5 at approximately 0C. The mixture was extracted twice with benzene and then with ether, washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to yield a dry solid the B-keto acid, lB-tertiarybutoxy-S,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4-indane-carbocyclic acid, m.p. 153l60C. Trituration with ether yielded 1 ,B-tertiarybutoxy-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4- indane-carbocyclic acid, mp. 156C. An analytically pure sample of lB-tertiarybutoxy-S,6,7,7a-tetrahydro- 7aB-methy1-5-oxo-4-indane-carbocyclic acid was obtained by recrystallization from acetone, m.p. 159.5C. Analysis calculated for C, H O C, 67.64; H, 8.33. Found: C, 67.63; H, 8.62.

EXAMPLE 4 1.84 Grams of unsaturated B-keto-acid lB-tertiarybutoxy-S,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4- indane-carbocyclic acid was dissolved in 92 m1. of absolute ethyl alcohol and hydrogenated in the presence of 184 mg. of 10 per cent by weight palladium on barium sulfate catalyst at atmospheric temperature and room temperature. The theoretical amount of hydro gen was consummed in 20 minutes. The solution was filtered and evaporated in vacuo, affording lB-tertiarybutoxy-3aa-4B-5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7aB-methyl-5- oxo-4-indane-carboxylic acid, m.p. l07.5109C. An analytically pure sample of 1B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa-4B- 5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7a,8-methyl-5-oxo-4-indane-carbocyclic acid was obtained by recrystallization from ether, m.p. 1l41l4.5C. Analysis calculated for C H ,O,: C, 67.13; H, 9.02. Found: C, 66.95; H, 9.09.

EXAMPLE 5 30.7 Mg. of the ,B-keto acid lB-tertiary-butoxy-3aa- 4B-5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4-indanecarbocyclic acid was dissolved in 2.5 ml. of tetrahydrofuran to which 2.5 ml. of 2 N hydrochloric acid was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed under a nitrogen atmosphere for approximately 6 hours. It was then neutralized with 2 N sodium hydroxide and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was extracted with ether and the extract was washed with a small amount of saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give bicyclic keto alcohol 3aa-4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1,8-hydroxy-7aB-methyl-5(6H)indanone as a waxy solid, mp. 4l42. NMR spectra superimposable to that of 3aa-4,7,7a-tetrahy- 37 drol B-hydroxy-7aB-methyl-5( 6H )indanone, as prepared in Example 1. Analysis calculated for CH16O2: C, 71.39; H, 9.59. Found: C, 71.11; H, 9.32.

EXAMPLE 5a 246 Mg. of (i)-1,B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa,4,B,5,6,7,7ahexahydro-7aB-methyl-S-oxo-4B-indanecarboxylic acid was suspended in 6 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5 hours at room temperature until the compound had thoroughly dissolved. The flask was sealed under a nitrogen atmosphere and permitted to stand for approximately hours. The solution was then evaporated in vacuo at C. to give a mixture that crystallized to yield a tacky crystalline-type solid upon treatment with acetone. The solid was ground up in 1 ml. of ether and the supernatant decanted to give a crude product. melting point 102104C. (dec. Recrystallization from ether gave pure (i)-3aa,4,B,5.6,7,7a-hex ahydro- 1 B-hydroxy-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4a-indanecarboxylic acid, melting point 123C. (dec.).

EXAMPLE 6 2.95 G. of lB-tertiarybutoxy-3aa,4,8,5.6,7,7a-hexahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4a-indane-carbocyclic acid was dissolved in a mixture of 22 ml. of dimethylsulfoxide and 12.2 ml. of 36-38 per cent aqueous formaldehyde solution. 1.35 G. of piperidine hydrochloride was added and it was stirred under nitrogen for 3 hours. 9.35 Mg. of sodium bicarbonate in water 100 ml.) was added to the above reaction mixture. It was then extracted three times with benzene. The extract was washed with water and with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate. filtered and then evaporated in vacuo to give a crude IB-tertiarybutoxy-3aa-6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7a,B-methyl-4- methylene-indan-5(4H) one, as an oil. The crude methylene ketone 1B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa-6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-4-methylene-indan-5 4H )-one was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel with a fluorescent indicator. The sample was applied at the rate of 30 mg. per plate which measured 8 X 8 inches X 1 mm. thick. The development was carried out with a mixture of 92.5 per cent benzene and 7.5 per cent ethyl acetate. The area corresponding to the major component was mechanically removed from the plate and the adsorbent was suspended in ethyl acetate. Filtration through Celite was followed by evaporation in vacuo to afford pure lfi-tertiarybutoxy- 3aa-6.7.7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl 4-methylene-indan- 5(4H)-one, as an oil which crystallized upon standing in a container filled with dry-ice, m.p. 42.5-44C. Analysis calculated for C ,-,H O C, 76.22; H, 10.24 Found: C,'75;32; H, 10.25.

EXAMPLE 7 410 Mg. of freshly distilled ethyl propionyl acetate was added to 115.2 mg. of the crude methylene ketone lB-tertiarybutoxy-3aa,6,7.7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl- 4-methyleneindan-5(4H)-one. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0C and 0.87 ml. of 0.1 N sodium methoxide in methanol was added while agitating under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for approximately 18 hours at 0C and for an additional 4 hours at 20C. The mixture was cooled by employing an ice bath and neutralizing with 0.87 ml. of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the residue was extracted with methylene chloride. The extract was sequentially washed with water and with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to yield crude diketoester 2-( 1,8- tertiarybutoxy-3aa-4B,5,6,7.7ahexahydro-7a,B-methyl-5-oxo-4-indanylmethyl)-3-oxo valeric acid ethyl ester.

220 Mg. of the B-diketoester 2-( lB-tertiarybutoxy- 3aa,4,8, 5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4- indanylmethyl)-3-oxovaleric acid ethyl ester was dissolved in 4 ml. of methanol to which 4 ml. of 2 N hydrochloric acid was added. The reaction mixture was stirred and refluxed under a nitrogen atmosphere for approximately 6 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled by use of an ice. bath and neutralized sequentially with 0.4 ml. of 19.5 N sodium hydroxide solution and then with 0.4 ml. of 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted two times with ethyl acetate and once with ether. The combined extract was washed once with water and then two times with a saturated .in vacuo to give crude 2.3,3a.4,5,7,8,9.9aB.9ba-

decahydro-3B-hydroxy-3aB-6-dimethyl-1H-benz[e]indan-7-one, an oil that could be crystallized by seeding with an authentic sample. 109 Mg. of the crude BCD- tricyclic compound 2.3,3a.4.5.7,8,9,9a,B,9boz-decahydro-3B-hydroxy-3aB.6-dimethyl- 1 l-l-benz[e indan- 7-one was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography. on silica gel with fluorescent indicator. Filtration through Celite followed by evaporation in vacuo gave an oil which crystallized upon seeing with an authentic sample; trituration with a 2:1 mixture of ether gave pure 2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9aB,9ba-decahydro-3B- hydroxy-3a/3,6-dimethyl-1 H-benz[e]indan-7-one, m.p. l3l133C.

EXAMPLE 8 134 Mg. of the unsaturated B-keto acid, lB-tertiarybutoxy-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4- indane carboxylic acid was suspended in 5 ml. of ether. The suspension was cooled to 0C and 7.6 ml. of a solution of diazomethane in ether (0.076 mmoles/m.) was added dropwise while stirring. After approximately 10 minutes of stirring, the solution was then evaporated in vacuo to yield the methyl ester, lB-tertiarybutoxy- 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4-indane carboxylic acid ethyl ester, m.p. 7376C. Recrystallization from petroleum ether (boiling point 30-60C) gave analytically pure IB-tertiarybutoxy-S,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4-indane carboxylic acid ethyl ester, m.p. 76.577C. Analysis calculated for G l-1 0,: C, 68.54; H, 8.63. Found C, 6841;1-1, 8.92.

EXAMPLE 9 50 Mg. of the acid, l,B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa,4B,5,6,7- ,7a-hexahydro-7aB-methyl-5-oxo-4-indane carboxylic acid was dissolved in 1.0 ml. of ether. The solution was cooled to 0C and 1.05 ml. of a solution of diazomethane in ether (0.19 mmoles ml.) was added dropwise while stirring. After 15 minutes of stirring, the solution was evaporated to dryness to give the B-keto ester 1B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa.4,8,5.6,7,7a-hexahydro-7aB- methyl-5-oxo-4a-indane carboxylic acid methyl ester, m.p. 1 12.5l 135C. Recrystallization from petroleum ether (boiling point 30-60C.) gave analytically pure l,B-tertiarybutoxy-3aa,4B,5 ,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7afi- 

1. A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA:
 2. A compound as in claim 1 wherein R2 is tertiarybutyl. 